The 2+2 Tractor: International Harvester

Almost from the beginning of the farm tractor, farmers and engineers fooled around with coupling two tractors together to put more power to the ground. In 1970, International Harvester played the same game a little more elaborately. They took the final drives from two 1066 tractors, used the transfer case from a 4166, made the tractor pivot in the center and mounted the engine out in front of the front wheels. The control station was still back by the rear wheels and the result was a tractor with a lot of possibilities.

Development continued through the 1970s until the “final answer” debuted in January 1979. They called them the 2+2 and they were unique in the market. The name-calling started right away. Some of the more polite ones included “anteater,” “land shark,” “worm” and “Snoopy,” but the names were used with a smile on the face once the tractor was seen in operation. The 2+2 has been described a lot of ways but in essence it was a rowcrop tractor with some of the features of a big, articulated four-wheel-drive tractor. It had unparalleled maneuverability (for a four-wheel-drive rowcrop, that is) and put a lot of power to the ground. Up front, the overhanging engine gave front wheels a lot of grip and once the rear was hooked up to an implement, the draft forces loaded the rear tires.

Two models were offered initially, the 3388 and the 3588. The design had changed considerably over the years in development. The rear final drive was from a 1086 tractor and the cab came from that as well. The front axle was a Kimco unit from Japan and a transfer case connected the front and rear sections. The engine drove the transmission and transfer case in the rear section through a driveshaft. The weight balance was very different from a traditional rowcrop, with a 54/46 distribution versus a 30/70. With draft, the weight shifted to more of a rear bias. The 2+2 used the same size tire front and rear, a standard 16.9-38 or an optional 18.4-34.

The 3388 mounted a 130 PTO hp DT436B turbo diesel while the 3588 had the now legendary DT466B. In 1980, the 3788 joined the herd and it was rated at 170 PTO hp with an uprated DT466. The powertrain was also uprated, with the rear final drive coming from a 1586 tractor. The cab also came from the 1586 and was a bit of an upgrade over the smaller units.

The 2+2 tractor required some getting used to and a farmer used to a regular rowcrop had a learning curve. Some developed an almost instant hate relationship with the tractor, but those who stuck with it learned how to make it work. IH knew it would be an uphill battle promoting the tractor and, of course, the competition was not kind. Yet when IH did side-by-side comparison tests, the 2+2 very publically blew the competition away.

There were teething problems, of course. Nothing super-major or embarrassing, but the hydraulics were probably the weakest link. Muffler and air cleaner troubles existed too. Those problems would be quickly solved. Long term, the farmers who didn’t maintain these very complex units faced some expensive fixes. The pivot points on the tractor and the driveshaft U-joints were two of these areas.

“Today, many of the 10,000 2+2 tractors built are still in operation. More than most tractors, the feelings about them run to the extremes.”

Ultimately, even the 1086 final drive proved too weak for the gutsy DT466, which owners insisted upon turning up. IH knew the potential of this tractor was limited by this final drive and they continued to work towards an upgrade all the way to the end.

For 1982, the line of tractors was upgraded from the 30 series to the 60 series. The 3388 became he 6388, the 3588 the 6588 and the 3788 the 6788. Changes were minor, but the models were becoming more refined as time went along and were gaining more acceptance in the market.

The 2+2 tractors came to an end shortly after Case and the agricultural component of IH merged to form Case International (later just Case IH). Case was the stronger partner and the new Case International engineering department was more Case than International. As a result, the 2+2 was dropped, probably with a disdainful sneer. Many think they were hasty. IH was on the verge of having a new final drive available that could have opened the door to an even more powerful and versatile 2+2. The new trans was good enough that it became the foundation for several very successful Case IH tractors.

Today, many of the 10,000 2+2 tractors built are still in operation. More than most tractors, the feelings about them run to the extremes. It’s either vile loathing or devoted love… nothing inbetween! John Hoshock, the owner of this 1980 3788 falls into the latter category. He bought the unit in 2004 as the big tractor for his medium-sized Ohio farming operation and hasn’t regretted the purchase. He gets a little good-natured flack from his farming buddies but, again, the “anteater” just blows them away out in the field. DW

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Typical Specifications: 1981 IH 3788 2+2

Engine: Six-cylinder Turbo Diesel, IH DT466B
Displacement: 466 cid
Bore & Stroke: 4.30 x 5.35 inches
*Rated Drawbar Power: 142 hp @ 2,499 rpm
*Rated PTO Power: 170.57 hp @ 2,500
Compression Ratio: 163:1
Transmission: 12-speed w/optional torque amplifier
Weight: 18,620 lbs
Wheelbase: 110 inches
L x H: 228 x 116
Fuel Capacity: 90 gal (main), 63 gal (aux.)
Tires: 18.4-38
*Fuel Consumption: 10.9 gph @ full power
*Drawbar Pull: 19,069 @ max power
*Top Speed: 19.6 mph

* As Rated by Nebraska Tractor Test 1377

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FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

How did IH introduce their secret 2+2 tractor to the market?

How IH Introduced Their Secret 2+2 Tractor to the Market

The introduction of IH’s secret 2+2 tractor was nothing short of a grand production, aimed to captivate and engage its audience while overcoming initial skepticism.

Strategic Planning and Collaboration

The planning began with a focused discussion on how to unveil the tractor in a way that would intrigue potential buyers and maximize company resources. Close coordination with Stan Lancaster, the Vice President of the division at the time, was crucial. They aimed to balance spending with the need to minimize tooling expenses while still creating an impactful launch.

A Memorable Launch Event

IH chose the picturesque location of Carefree, Arizona, particularly the Dick Van Dyke studio, as the setting for their high-energy launch. The event was crafted to be as entertaining as it was informative, featuring dancers and a modified version of a popular Kenny Rogers song, adding a cultural flair to the experience.

Region-Specific Targeting

The Memphis region was flown in first, strategically targeting an area known for rice and cotton farming. This choice was vital since they needed to demonstrate the tractor’s capabilities in real agricultural settings. It was uncertain if the tractor could handle the chemical tanks required for those crops, but they later confirmed it could, solidifying its utility.

Immersive Experience and Demonstrations

Upon arrival, dealers were treated to a well-rounded experience. After a welcoming dinner and a staged show, attendees were transported to a field east of Scottsdale for hands-on demonstrations. This experiential approach allowed every participant, from dealers to potential clients, to physically drive the tractor on a set course.

Turning Challenges Into Strengths

The design’s initial reception was met with hesitation, as observers reacted with incredulity. The strategy was to transform any perceived shortcomings into standout features, emphasizing the unique benefits of the 2+2 tractor. This approach helped shift the narrative, turning skepticism into enthusiasm.

In essence, IH’s market introduction of the 2+2 tractor was an orchestrated blend of strategic planning, immersive experience, and targeted messaging, ensuring the tractor’s features shone through and left a lasting impression.

 

How did IH ensure that the 2+2 tractors were ready for demonstration to dealers and potential buyers?

To ensure the readiness of the 2+2 tractors for demonstrations to dealers and potential buyers, meticulous preparations were undertaken. The tractors were fully assembled and shipped to the designated locations with utmost confidentiality, ensuring that no premature leaks occurred.

Key personnel from various regions were brought in to oversee this process. This enabled a coordinated approach to the demonstrations, making certain that every detail was accounted for. Each tractor was meticulously prepared: the tires and wheels were fine-tuned and adjusted to optimal operating settings.

Before the demonstrations, every tractor underwent rigorous testing on the dynamometer. This ensured their performance met expectations, allowing for a seamless display when showcased to dealers and interested buyers.

 

How did Bud Youle contribute to the marketing strategy for the 2+2 tractor’s introduction?

Bud Youle’s Pivotal Role in Launching the 2+2 Tractor

Bud Youle played a critical role in crafting the marketing strategy for the 2+2 tractor’s introduction, ensuring it was both impactful and memorable. Recognizing the importance of collaboration, Youle worked closely with division Vice President Stan Lancaster to strategize on maximizing revenue while keeping tooling expenses in check. This meticulous planning was crucial for the product’s success in the market.

Targeted Regional Focus

For Youle, starting in the Memphis region, which included Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Tennessee, was strategic. This area was known for its agricultural industries like cotton and rice farming. By focusing on a region where the tractor’s unique features could shine, he tailored the introduction to local needs and potential concerns.

Spectacular Product Launch

Youle orchestrated an elaborate launch event at a prominent studio in Carefree, Arizona. The event featured entertainment elements, including dancers and a creatively reimagined song, setting a lively tone. Notably, the launch included an iconic demonstration where Gerry Salzman drove the tractor, leaving a lasting impression on attendees.

Hands-On Experience

Understanding the power of experiential marketing, Youle designed a field test in Scottsdale. This gave all attendees, from dealers to their families, a hands-on experience with the tractor. By transforming potential skepticism into enthusiasm, he effectively turned perceptions around. The strategy of presenting the tractor’s challenging aspects as strengths was key to changing minds.

In summary, Bud Youle’s innovative and region-focused strategy, coupled with an engaging and memorable launch event, was instrumental in successfully introducing the 2+2 tractor to the market.

 

What was the significance of the Memphis region in the launch of the 2+2 tractor?

The Memphis region, encompassing Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Tennessee, played a pivotal role in launching the 2+2 tractor. This area, known for its rice and cotton cultivation, was strategically chosen for its agricultural significance. Initially, there was some uncertainty about the tractor’s ability to support chemical tanks, which was crucial for these crops. However, the innovation proved effective, cementing its importance in heavy-duty farming.

The launch strategy was carefully orchestrated—guests were flown in on Sunday nights and received hospitality before being taken to the scenic Pinnacle Peak to witness the tractor in action. Highlighting the tractor’s capabilities, Gerry Salzman skillfully drove it during the demonstration, which marked a memorable moment in the tractor’s history. The choice of the Memphis region underscored the tractor’s alignment with the demands of Southern agriculture, ensuring its adoption in a market where power and versatility are paramount.

 

Why was the introduction of the 2+2 tractor held at the Dick Van Dyke studio in Arizona?

The launch of the 2+2 tractor was strategically hosted at the Dick Van Dyke studio in Carefree, Arizona, primarily to create an unforgettable experience that resonated with both the media and potential buyers. By choosing such a renowned location, the organizers aimed to capitalize on its unique charm and historical appeal.

The event was designed to be an elaborate production, featuring professional dancers and a specially adapted song based on a hit by Kenny Rogers. This entertainment-centric approach not only captured attention but also intensified the excitement and buzz around the new product.

The goal was to showcase the tractor in a memorable way, leveraging the studio’s strong association with creativity and performance to craft a dynamic presentation that would linger in the minds of the audience.

 

How did competitors react to the introduction of the 2+2 tractor in the market?

“Yet when IH did side-by-side comparison tests, the 2+2 very publicly blew the competition away. The buzz around this revolutionary tractor was palpable. As it made its debut, industry giants couldn’t help but notice the stir it caused.

In the Phoenix area, rail cars carrying the mysterious boxes became a spectacle. Onlookers were intrigued by what lay inside. When the boxes were finally opened, revealing the innovative ‘Snoopy tractor’, curiosity turned into fascination. Competitors watched closely, following its every move, eager to understand the impact this new contender would have on the market.

The 2+2’s performance wasn’t just impressive on paper. It commanded attention and respect, leaving other manufacturers scrambling to reassess their strategies. This wasn’t just an introduction; it was a statement that promised to shift the landscape of agricultural machinery.”

 

How did the industry perceive the significance of these events?

The industry perceived these events as significant enough to warrant attention and action, suggesting that the new tractor represented a notable development in the market.

 

What was the response of the competitors upon seeing the new tractor?

Upon seeing the new tractor, competitors took active measures to track its movement, indicating a keen interest in understanding the product.

 

What specific event caused competitors to take notice?

The event that caused competitors to take notice was when a box was removed from a rail car, revealing the new “Snoopy tractor.”

 

How did competitors become aware of the new tractor?

Competitors became aware of the new tractor by observing rail cars carrying mysterious boxes, which piqued their interest.

 

What was the initial industry reaction to the introduction of the 2+2 tractor?

The initial industry reaction was one of curiosity and heightened awareness. Major competitors realized something noteworthy was unfolding in the Phoenix area.

 

What was the reaction of dealers and customers after trying out the 2+2 tractor?

“Some developed an almost instant hate relationship with the tractor, but those who stuck with it learned how to make it work. IH knew it would be an uphill battle promoting the tractor and, of course, the competition was not kind. Yet when IH did side-by-side comparison tests, the 2+2 very publicly blew the competition away.”

The rollout event for the 2+2 tractor was a strategic display designed to shift perceptions. Dealers and customers gathered in anticipation, both intrigued and wary. The initial sight of the tractor sparked a mix of curiosity and skepticism. Attendees, seeing it for the first time, couldn’t help but react with uncertainty. But this was precisely the challenge IH was prepared to tackle.

Turning Doubt into Admiration

Participants were encouraged to take the wheel themselves, navigating the course set up to demonstrate the tractor’s capabilities. This hands-on experience was crucial. As they maneuvered the tractor, skepticism began to dissolve, replaced by a growing confidence in the machine’s performance.

What started as doubt slowly transformed into admiration as the tractor’s unique features became apparent. Dealers and customers alike began to see the potential that IH had promised. The whisper of skepticism turned into a buzz of excitement.

A Ripple Effect in the Industry

This shift in perception didn’t go unnoticed by competitors. The industry buzzed with rumors as other major players watched the developments closely, realizing that something significant was unfolding. The 2+2 tractor, once a source of doubt, was now a force to be reckoned with, earning its place in the market through performance and persistence.

 

What was the nature of the demonstration?

The demonstration was hands-on, requiring every attendee to drive the tractor, which proved pivotal in altering their perceptions and showcasing the tractor’s capabilities.

 

What was the broader industry impact?

The demonstration attracted attention from major competitors like Case, Deere, and Oliver, indicating the significant impact and interest generated within the industry.

 

How did perceptions change over time?

As the event progressed, attendees’ skepticism turned to optimism and belief, with many beginning to see the tractor’s potential and thinking the concept could succeed.

 

How did the event unfold?

The event included a lunch and a popular TV show performance at the studio, followed by a hands-on experience in a field where attendees drove tractors on a designated course.

 

What was the initial reaction to seeing the tractor?

Attendees initially reacted with skepticism and doubt upon seeing the tractor, as many were unsure of its capabilities and potential.

 

What strategies did IH use to overcome the negative perceptions of the 2+2 tractor’s design?

“IH knew it would be an uphill battle promoting the tractor and, of course, the competition was not kind. The design of the 2+2 was unlike anything else on the market, and initial reactions were mixed. Yet, IH saw this as an opportunity rather than a setback. They adopted a bold strategy: transform the tractor’s unconventional design from a perceived liability into a standout feature.

To execute this, IH emphasized the unique advantages the design offered. They showcased its innovative features and demonstrated its practical benefits through rigorous performance tests. When IH did side-by-side comparison tests, the 2+2 very publicly blew the competition away. These tests highlighted not only its capabilities but also how its design contributed to superior performance.

This approach allowed IH to reshape the narrative around the 2+2, turning skepticism into intrigue and eventually, admiration. By focusing on what made the tractor different, IH successfully shifted public perception, proving that innovation often requires a leap of faith.”

 

What mindset was applied to address the issue?

A transformative mindset was applied, focusing on converting negatives into positives to leverage them as strengths.

 

What was the strategic approach?

The strategy involved transforming a perceived weakness into a standout feature.

 

What was the main challenge?

The primary challenge was addressing a significant negative aspect that needed to be overcome.

 

How did Bud Youle predict and achieve a higher number of orders than initially planned for the 2+2 tractor?

Bud Youle’s intuition and strategic foresight were key factors in predicting and exceeding the initial order expectations for the 2+2 tractor.

To start, he successfully secured funding from upper management, allowing the project to move forward. As the development progressed, it became clear that both individuals and dealers were beginning to realize the potential and viability of the concept. This growing confidence was further bolstered when survey data confirmed the strong market interest, particularly in the agricultural sectors like corn and soybeans.

Understanding regional demand was another crucial element. Bud anticipated the tractor’s appeal in the southern markets and ensured a comprehensive approach by engaging every regional market. The strategy also included showcasing the tractor to an array of stakeholders, from Board members to international delegations, allowing them to experience the tractor’s capabilities firsthand.

Notably, the marketing approach caught the attention of notable competitors like Case, Deere, and Oliver. The tractors were seen being transported to Phoenix, garnering significant intrigue. This strategic visibility and exposure generated a sense of excitement and anticipation in the market.

Ultimately, Bud’s efforts culminated in placing an order for 6,500 tractors at the Farmall plant, yet the actual production soared to around 13,000—an indication of the overwhelming success and demand stimulated by his strategic planning and market insight.

 

How did IH handle the secrecy and anticipation surrounding the new 2+2 tractor before its release?

To handle the secrecy and build anticipation for their groundbreaking 2+2 tractor, IH meticulously safeguarded the project until its reveal. They went to great lengths to keep details under wraps, ensuring the machine was cloaked in mystery. As part of this strategy, the tractors were constructed and shipped discreetly, protected from prying eyes by secure covers.

Prior to the official unveiling, IH orchestrated a comprehensive preparation process. Key personnel from various regions were called in to witness the final touches. Each tractor was thoroughly tested, fine-tuned, and set to optimal operating standards. The machines underwent rigorous trials on the dynamometer, ensuring they performed flawlessly upon release.

When the tractors finally arrived, the excitement was palpable. Competitors like Case, Deere, and Oliver quickly became aware that something significant was happening, especially when they spotted rail cars carrying large, mysterious boxes. As one of these boxes was opened, revealing the unconventional design of the 2+2 tractor, it captured the attention of onlookers. What followed was a buzz of interest and speculation as these tractors roamed the Phoenix area, drawing enthusiasts and curious onlookers in its wake.

 

Who was Bud Youle and what was his role in the introduction of the 2+2 tractor?

Bud Youle was a pivotal figure in the launch of the 2+2 tractor, serving as a marketing executive for International Harvester. He played a crucial role in strategizing and executing the introduction of this innovative tractor to the market.

Bud’s responsibilities included collaborating closely with Stan Lancaster, the Vice President of the division at that time. Together, they focused on ensuring the launch would be both financially efficient and effective. Bud aimed to minimize tooling expenses while still securing the necessary funding to make the program a success.

To maintain secrecy and build anticipation, Bud oversaw that the tractors were built, shipped, and kept under wraps until their official debut. He also coordinated with regional representatives to ensure each tractor was fully operational and ready for testing. This meticulous preparation highlighted Bud’s dedication to the launch’s success.

His efforts paid off when upper management approved the funding needed to drive the project forward. As excitement grew among dealers and the market started to embrace the concept, Bud was able to confidently place substantial orders for more units, ultimately leading to a production run that exceeded initial expectations.

In essence, Bud Youle was the mastermind behind the marketing strategy and played a key role in the rollout of the 2+2 tractor, contributing significantly to its commercial success.

 

How was the introduction event for the 2+2 tractor organized and where did it take place?

The launch event for the IH 2+2 tractor was a well-planned affair, taking place at the Dick Van Dyke studio in Carefree, Arizona. This elaborate introduction featured a musical performance with dancers and a creatively rewritten version of a hit song by Kenny Rogers. Initially targeting the Memphis region, which encompasses areas like Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Tennessee—known predominantly for rice and cotton farming—the rollout was strategic. However, there were uncertainties about whether the tractor could support chemical tanks on its sides. Once confirmed, attendees were flown in on Sunday night, treated to a meal, and taken to the Pinnacle Peak area. A highlight of the event was Gerry Salzman’s memorable presentation, where he drove the tractor, creating a lasting impression.

 

What challenges did IH face in marketing the 2+2 tractor due to its unusual design?

The 2+2 tractor required some getting used to and a farmer used to a regular row crop had a learning curve. Some developed an almost instant hate relationship with the tractor, but those who stuck with it learned how to make it work.

Yet, there was one glaring issue: its unusual silhouette. The long front end looked like nothing else ever made, drawing laughter and skepticism from onlookers. This unique design was both a curiosity and a hurdle for IH.

To tackle the challenge, IH kept their new machine a secret until its release, understanding the uphill battle they faced. The competition was not kind, seizing every opportunity to mock the tractor’s appearance. However, IH had a plan. They knew they had to make the tractor’s most criticized feature its standout advantage.

In side-by-side comparison tests, the 2+2 very publicly blew the competition away. Emphasizing its performance, IH shifted the narrative from its peculiar design to its superior capabilities, turning initial doubt into appreciation.

 

How did the 2+2 tractor perform in demonstrations compared to competitors like Deere?

“Yet when IH did side-by-side comparison tests, the 2+2 very publicly blew the competition away.”

The 2+2 tractor, equipped with 150 PTO horsepower, consistently demonstrated its prowess in rigorous testing. It was put through its paces, pulling alongside competitors over a stretch of approximately 150 yards. These tests were conducted globally, and the results were striking: the 2+2 clinched victory in about 90 percent of the events. Such performance wasn’t just a fluke; it was a testament to the tractor’s engineering excellence and reliability.

In these demonstrations, the 2+2 didn’t just meet expectations—it exceeded them, leaving others like Deere in its dust. This formidable performance solidified its reputation, proving its capabilities time and again on an international stage.

 

What are some characteristics of the IH 2+2 tractors that collectors might find appealing?

Collectors often find the IH 2+2 tractors appealing for several reasons. These unique machines carry a nostalgic charm, especially for individuals who grew up around farming. Many enthusiasts might recall childhood memories of riding in their neighbor’s massive tractor, marveling at its size and capabilities. The distinctive design and historical significance of these tractors add to their allure.

One appealing characteristic is their rarity in the current market. It’s not common to see these models at auctions or dealerships, making them a prized find when they appear. Their scarcity adds to their desirability, as collectors are often searching for models that have been well-maintained over the years. This means that uncovering a 2+2 that hasn’t been overly worn or damaged can be particularly exciting.

Prospective buyers should also appreciate the engineering behind these tractors. They were built to be durable, yet it’s crucial to review maintenance records before purchasing. Detailed service histories can assure buyers of the tractor’s condition, reflecting its potential value. A model in good shape represents not only an investment but also a piece of farming history that has stood the test of time.

Ultimately, it’s the combination of nostalgia, scarcity, and robust engineering that makes the IH 2+2 a sought-after catch for collectors.

 

How did the IH 2+2 come to be, and what was Project TX-160?

The Genesis of the IH 2+2 and Project TX-160

During the 1970s, the 4WD market was rapidly expanding, with big names like Steiger and Versatile leading the pack. Their massive machines dominated the field, leaving little room for mid-sized options. While some farmers could invest in large, expensive models like the Steiger Bearcat or rely on front-wheel assist tractors with somewhat unreliable hydraulic systems, many found themselves in a tough spot. There was a distinct gap in the market for a mid-sized, agile 4WD tractor that could handle row-crop operations efficiently.

Recognizing this gap, International Harvester embarked on a mission to design a solution that catered to farmers seeking more capability without the hefty price tag and bulk of larger tractors. This mission was known as Project TX-160.

Project TX-160 Objectives:

1. Articulated Design:Enhanced maneuverability and flexibility.
2. Power Take-Off (PTO):Essential for operations requiring external machinery power.
3. True 4WD Capability:Offering better traction and efficiency on various terrains.
4. Compatibility with Dual Tires:To improve stability and traction.
5. Horsepower Options:Ranging between 130 to 170 horsepower.
6. Compact and Nimble:Specifically designed for row-crop farming needs.

The standout requirement was crafting a compact, maneuverable tractor to seamlessly integrate into existing farm setups without the need for extensive equipment upgrades.

The Introduction of the IH 2+2

The culmination of Project TX-160 was the innovative IH 2+2, designed to provide farmers with a balanced solution that offered enhanced power and versatility. This mid-sized tractor allowed farmers to boost their operational capacity while maintaining the flexibility and cost-effectiveness of existing implements.

The IH 2+2 emerged as a game-changer, providing a much-needed option for those in the row-crop industry striving for efficiency and productivity without investing in oversized machinery.

 

How were the IH 3388 and 3588 models introduced to the market?

The introduction of the IH 3388 and 3588 models to the market was orchestrated with a grand spectacle in January 1979. The unveiling took place during a major event in Phoenix, held at a notable studio location. Dealers were a central focus of this launch, as groups were flown in, beginning with those from the Delta region.

Reactions to the aesthetics of these new models were initially mixed, with opinions sharply divided. However, once the tractors demonstrated superior performance against a competitive 4840 in field trials, skepticism began to fade. The practical advantages became clearer when dealers learned that the machines were versatile enough to accommodate saddle tanks on the sides.

This combination of performance and versatility convinced dealers of the saleability of these tractors, marking a successful entry into the market.

 

What were the Super 70s, and why are they considered the ultimate IH 2+2 tractors?

The Super 70s represented a pinnacle in the evolution of the 2+2 tractor design, marking them as the ultimate in this series. These weren’t entirely fresh designs, yet they introduced significant advancements that distinguished them from their predecessors.

Advanced Engineering and Design

Both models of the Super 70s were powered by the turbocharged and intercooled DTI466C engine, which was the most advanced variant at the time. This engine symbolized a leap forward in performance and efficiency. Unlike conventional configurations, the Super 70s utilized the rear sections of existing tractors to maximize power output—175 PTO horsepower for the 7288 model and 200 PTO horsepower for the 7488.

Cutting-Edge Components

One standout feature was the robust front axle imported from RABA, Europe, ensuring durability and enhanced performance in challenging conditions. Additionally, these tractors were equipped with a sophisticated, computer-controlled version of the 18-speed STS powershift transmission, offering seamless and efficient gear transitions.

Exclusivity and Historical Significance

Production of the Super 70s was limited, making them rare collectibles today. Initially, a batch of 36 units was approved for the 7288 model in early 1985. However, production ceased abruptly due to corporate restructuring, resulting in only 19 of the 7288s and 16 of the 7488s being completed.

Modern Appeal and Legacy

These machines stood out for their contemporary design and ergonomic interiors, both functional and aesthetically pleasing. Built for efficiency and comfort, they represented the cutting-edge technology of their time. The scarcity and historical value of the Super 70s have led them to become significant items at auctions, often commanding high prices due to their rarity and engineering excellence.

In summary, the Super 70s are revered as the ultimate IH 2+2 tractors because they encapsulate innovation, performance, and a unique place in tractor history.

 

How did the Farm Crisis affect the production of the IH 2+2 tractors?

The Farm Crisis of the 1980s had a profound impact on the production of IH 2+2 tractors. During this tumultuous period, declining farm incomes and increasing debt led to a severe downturn in agricultural equipment sales. As financial difficulties mounted, International Harvester, the manufacturer of the 2+2 tractors, found itself in a particularly vulnerable financial state.

This precarious situation significantly limited their ability to produce these innovative tractors. When the 60-series of the IH 2+2 was introduced in 1981, the production numbers were notably low. In total, only 1,261 units of the 2+2 tractors across all three models were manufactured. This scarcity was directly tied to the larger economic struggles that defined the Farm Crisis, as the financial constraints of farmers meant less demand for new machinery and equipment, leading to decreased production.

 

What was the significance of the Red Power Showdown for the IH 2+2 tractors?

The Significance of the Red Power Showdown for IH 2+2 Tractors

The Red Power Showdown in January 1979 was a pivotal moment for the launch of the IH 2+2 tractors, specifically the 3388 and 3588 models. Held at the renowned Dick Van Dyke Studios in Phoenix, this event was more than just a product launch—it was a strategic demonstration aimed at captivating and convincing dealers. The location, combined with the dramatic presentation, set the stage for showcasing these tractors’ capabilities.

A Turning Point for Dealer Perception

Initially, opinions were divided due to the tractors’ unconventional appearance. However, the event’s real significance lay in the live demonstrations. Dealers witnessed the 2+2 tractors outworking their competitors, including a finely-tuned 4840. This performance sparked a shift in perception, quickly winning over those who were initially skeptical.

Enhanced Versatility

Another highlight was the introduction of improved functionality, such as the ability to integrate saddle tanks onto the tractors. This feature provided added versatility in the field, enhancing the tractors’ appeal and making them more marketable to customers.

A Strategic Win

Ultimately, the Red Power Showdown was instrumental in proving the value and potential sales success of the IH 2+2 tractors to dealers. It turned uncertainty into enthusiasm, preparing the ground for successful sales and distribution across the regions.

Through strategic presentations and field demonstrations, the event underscored both the power and practicality of the IH 2+2 tractors, cementing their place in the market.

 

How did the market’s perception of the IH 2+2 change over time?

“Some developed an almost instant hate relationship with the tractor, but those who stuck with it learned how to make it work. IH knew it would be an uphill battle promoting the tractor and, of course, the competition was not kind. Yet when IH did side-by-side comparison tests, the 2+2 very publicly blew the competition away.”

Initially, the tractor’s unconventional design earned it a slew of unflattering nicknames like Anteater and Snoopy, casting a shadow over its market debut. Farmers were skeptical, and with good reason—they had never seen anything quite like it before.

Overcoming Skepticism

Recognizing that the tractor wouldn’t sell based on looks alone, IH launched the Red Power Showdown, a roadshow designed to showcase the 2+2’s capabilities. Farmers were invited to see and experience the tractor in action. When a 150-horsepower 2+2 effortlessly outperformed a 200-horsepower 2WD row-crop tractor, perceptions began to shift.

A Misunderstood Machine

Despite its impressive performance, many still misunderstood the tractor. Some dismissed it solely based on appearance, while others saw it as an affordable means to expand operations—often pushing it beyond its intended limits. Over time, however, those who persevered found value in its innovative design, and the market’s initial skepticism slowly transformed into a nuanced appreciation.

 

How did farmers’ usage of the tractor impact its perception?

Some farmers used the 2+2 as an economical option to grow their operations, which sometimes led to them using it for tasks it wasn’t designed for, contributing to mixed perceptions regarding its durability and effectiveness.

 

What were the ongoing challenges in the market perception?

Despite its capabilities, the tractor continued to be misunderstood primarily due to its looks. Some farmers also saw it as an affordable means to expand their operations, which led them to push the tractor beyond its intended use.

 

How did demonstrations affect perceptions of the tractor?

The demonstrations had a significant impact by impressing farmers with the 2+2’s ability to outperform larger tractors, thus gradually shifting perceptions from skepticism to admiration of its performance.

 

What strategies did Harvester use to change perceptions?

Harvester employed strategic demonstrations by organizing the Red Power Showdown road show, which allowed farmers to witness the 2+2’s capabilities firsthand, effectively showcasing its strengths beyond its appearance.

 

What were the initial reactions to the IH 2+2?

Initially, the IH 2+2 faced skepticism and even mockery from farmers, earning nicknames that highlighted its unconventional appearance. It didn’t achieve the same immediate success as some of its predecessors, suggesting a lukewarm reception in the market.

 

What misconceptions existed about the capabilities of the IH 2+2 tractors?

“Some developed an almost instant hate relationship with the tractor, but those who stuck with it learned how to make it work. IH knew it would be an uphill battle promoting the tractor and, of course, the competition was not kind. Yet when IH did side-by-side comparison tests, the 2+2 very publicly blew the competition away.

Understanding Misconceptions

Many farmers misunderstood the 2+2’s capabilities, thinking they could transform it into a powerhouse by overloading it and cranking the pump wide open. This led to the misguided belief that they could achieve the status of a Big Time Operator with ease.

The True Purpose

The 2+2 was designed for less soil compaction, better traction, and enhanced agility with existing equipment. It wasn’t intended for dragging massive implements that required a robust 4WD tractor. When used as intended, the 2+2 could enhance efficiency, reduce fuel consumption, and save valuable time in the field.

Consequences of Misuse

Unfortunately, this misunderstanding resulted in numerous issues:

• Wrecked Drivelines and Blown Motors: Farmers who pushed the 2+2 beyond its limits often faced costly repairs.
• Fuel Inefficiency: Without proper traction management, fuel consumption soared.
• Time Loss: Misapplication led to slower field work, negating any perceived gains.

The owner’s manual clearly states that the front axle wasn’t even rated for duals, a design choice that should have guided proper use. Yet, the allure of instant power tempted many to ignore these guidelines, resulting in widespread problems.

Those who embraced the 2+2 for what it truly offered, however, found a reliable partner in the field, capable of outperforming its rivals in head-to-head tests.”

 

How could using the IH 2+2 correctly impact a farmer’s operations?

When used as intended, the 2+2 could enhance efficiency, leading to cost savings through less fuel consumption and faster field operations, ultimately benefiting the farmer’s bottom line.

 

What specific design limitations did the IH 2+2 have?

The 33- and 3588 models had front axles that were not rated for dual tires, a deliberate design choice to prevent overloading and to maintain the tractor’s intended use.

 

What were the consequences of misusing the IH 2+2 tractors?

Misuse led to significant mechanical failures, including damaged drivelines and blown motors, largely because the tractors were pushed beyond their design limits in attempts to perform tasks they weren’t meant for.

 

What was the intended use and design purpose of the IH 2+2 tractors?

The tractors were designed to offer benefits such as reduced soil compaction, improved traction, and increased agility when used with existing equipment, rather than for handling larger machinery that required a more powerful 4WD tractor.

 

What were the common misconceptions about the IH 2+2 tractors?

Many farmers thought the 2+2 tractors could instantly transform their operations into large-scale enterprises by overloading the tractors and pushing them beyond their intended capabilities.

 

What is the IH 2+2 tractor, and why is it considered misunderstood?

“Today, many of the 10,000 2+2 tractors built are still in operation. More than most tractors, the feelings about them run to the extremes. It’s either vile loathing or devoted love… nothing in between! John Hoshock, the owner of this 1980 3788, falls into the latter category. He bought the unit in 2004 as the big tractor for his medium-sized Ohiofarming operation and hasn’t regretted the purchase. He gets a little good-natured flack from his farming buddies but, again, the “anteater” just blows them away out in the field.”

The IH 2+2 tractors were truly a revolutionary design in the agricultural machinery world. Designed under Project TX-160, their goal was to create a mid-sized 4WD tractor that would better serve row-crop farmers. These tractors stood out dramatically from the competition, such as Steiger and Versatile, not only in appearance but also in their engineering approach.

Farmers, known for their cautious approach to new technology, found the 2+2’s unconventional look and innovative design to be polarizing. The tractor’s distinct appearance was far removed from the traditional designs farmers had come to expect, particularly from Harvester. This bold departure from the norm created a divide—farmers either embraced the novelty or dismissed it entirely.

Despite their polarizing nature, the IH 2+2 tractors carved a niche for themselves. Over time, some farmers, like John Hoshock, discovered their value in the field, appreciating the unique capabilities that set them apart from the rest. While not universally loved, these tractors remain a testament to the daring innovation that once challenged the norms of the agricultural industry.

 

What factors contributed to the misunderstood reputation of the IH 2+2?

The combination of their distinctive design and the industry’s general reluctance to embrace radical innovations contributed to their misunderstood reputation, despite their potential advantages in the field.

 

What challenges did the IH 2+2 face in the market?

The tractors faced challenges due to their unique design, which did not align with the conservative nature of the agricultural machinery industry, where farmers were hesitant to adopt what was perceived as drastically new and different.

 

How did the design differ from industry expectations?

The design was not what farmers typically expected from Harvester, deviating from traditional tractor aesthetics and functionalities, which led to a divide in acceptance.

 

Why were the IH 2+2 tractors considered polarizing?

They were polarizing because they introduced a radically different design compared to contemporaries like Steiger, Versatile, and Deere, challenging industry norms with their unconventional appearance and concept.

 

What was the goal of the IH 2+2 tractor’s design?

The goal was to develop a mid-sized 4WD tractor tailored for row-crop farming, which represented a shift in design focus to better meet the needs of this specific agricultural sector.

 

How did the IH 2+2 tractors perform in terms of sales and market acceptance?

“Today, many of the 10,000 2+2 tractors built are still in operation. More than most tractors, the feelings about them run to the extremes. It’s either vile loathing or devoted love… nothing in between! John Hoshock, the owner of this 1980 3788, falls into the latter category. He bought the unit in 2004 as the big tractor for his medium-sized Ohio farming operation and hasn’t regretted the purchase. He gets a little good-natured flack from his farming buddies but, again, the ‘anteater’ just blows them away out in the field.”

Despite its polarizing reputation, the IH 2+2 series carved out a niche in the agricultural market. Initially met with skepticism—evident in its playful nicknames like “Anteater” and “Snoopy”—the tractors eventually gained traction. While their sales didn’t quite mirror the runaway success of models like the 1066 or the 4440, these tractors sold well enough for Harvester to move units consistently.

The 3788, in particular, stood out. Released a year after the initial models, it was the powerhouse of the lineup, utilizing the robust back half of the 1586 rather than the 1086. With the engineers enhancing the DT466B engine to deliver 170 PTO horsepower, it became the second best-seller of the 2+2s, despite being in production for just two years.

However, the timing of their release coincided with challenging economic conditions. By 1981, the Farm Crisis was intensifying, and Harvester found itself in a precarious financial state. Consequently, production numbers dwindled, with only 1,261 units built across three models in the subsequent series.

So, how did these tractors perform in terms of sales and market acceptance? While they didn’t achieve the legendary status of some competitors, their production numbers—around 13,000—placed them in the same league as the revered John Deere 4840. Despite the hurdles, the 2+2 series has its share of loyalists, like John, who swear by its performance, long after the last unit rolled off the assembly line.

 

What were some of the challenges faced by the IH 3788 model?

“Some developed an almost instant hate relationship with the tractor, but those who stuck with it learned how to make it work. IH knew it would be an uphill battle promoting the tractor and, of course, the competition was not kind. Yet when IH did side-by-side comparison tests, the 2+2 very publicly blew the competition away.

The IH 3788, in particular, brought its own set of challenges. Engineers had made significant modifications, turning up the wick on the DT466B engine to achieve 170 PTO horsepower. However, the transmission, a 12-speed system, was a point of contention. Unlike its 16-speed siblings, it lacked the top-end speed necessary for efficient road travel and had gear spacing that left farmers constantly searching for the right gear.

Despite these hurdles, the 3788 proved its mettle. It was only in production for two years, yet it emerged as the second best-seller among IH 2+2 tractors, with production numbers reaching around 2,500 units. This success was a testament to its performance potential, even though teething problems were evident.

There were teething problems, of course. Nothing super-major or embarrassing, but the hydraulics were probably the weakest link. Muffler and air cleaner troubles existed too. Those problems would be quickly solved. Long term, the farmers who didn’t maintain these very complex units faced some expensive fixes. The pivot points on the tractor and the driveshaft U-joints were two of these areas.”

 

What were the distinguishing features of the IH 3788 compared to its predecessors or siblings?

The 3788 distinguished itself by incorporating the back half of the 1586 model instead of the 1086, indicating a different design approach within the lineup.

 

How did the IH 3788 compare in terms of production and sales?

Despite its production run being only two years, the IH 3788 was the second best-seller among the IH 2+2 tractors, with approximately 2500 units produced.

 

What were the specific technical challenges of the IH 3788?

The 3788 faced challenges with its 12-speed transmission, which lacked sufficient top-end speed for road travel and had gear spacing issues that made it difficult for operators to find the right gear.

 

What were the specific technical specifications of the IH 3788?

The IH 3788 was equipped with the back half of the 1586 model and featured a DT466B engine that delivered 170 PTO horsepower. Its transmission was a 12-speed, differing from its smaller siblings.

 

Why might some consider the IH 2+2 a failure, despite its production numbers?

“Some developed an almost instant hate relationship with the tractor, but those who stuck with it learned how to make it work. IH knew it would be an uphill battle promoting the tractor and, of course, the competition was not kind. Yet when IH did side-by-side comparison tests, the 2+2 very publicly blew the competition away.

Polarizing Design and Expectations

The IH 2+2’s design was a bold departure from the norm, unlike anything offered by Steiger, Versatile, or Deere. This radical look was a double-edged sword. While it showcased innovation, it also alienated traditional farmers who preferred tried-and-true designs over the latest and greatest.

Misuse and Mechanical Challenges

Unfortunately, many farmers misunderstood the 2+2’s purpose. They assumed it could serve as a substitute for larger 4WD tractors, cranking the pump screw wide open and adding excessive weight, aiming for instant BTO status. This misuse led to mechanical issues—wrecked drivelines and blown motors were not uncommon.

In reality, the 2+2 was intended to enhance efficiency with existing equipment, offering benefits like reduced soil compaction and improved traction. When used correctly, it lowered operational costs by saving fuel and time.

Mismatch of Purpose

The tractor was designed for agility and efficiency, not as a powerhouse to pull oversized equipment. Its capabilities were best realized when operated within its intended limits—something not all users understood or adhered to. The owner’s manual for models like the 33- and 3588 even highlighted that the front axle wasn’t rated for duals, underscoring its intended use.

IH’s 2+2 was a machine ahead of its time, misunderstood by many but cherished by those who grasped its true potential. Despite its innovative features, it faced challenges due to its polarizing design and the unrealistic expectations placed upon it by some in the farming community.”

 

What were the key design parameters for the IH 2+2 tractor?

The IH 2+2 tractor was a unique blend of innovation and practicality, designed to meet specific agricultural needs. At its core, the design parameters were clear and aimed at offering a versatile solution for farmers. The tractor needed to be articulated for better maneuverability, equipped with a PTO and 4WD for powerful performance, and dual-friendly to accommodate various farming operations. Available in 130/150/170 horsepower options, it was crucial for the tractor to remain mid-sized and maneuverable within row crop settings.

These design choices were driven by a strategic goal—to create a more agile 4WD tractor that met the demands of row-crop farmers. The aim was to provide enhanced capabilities without the necessity of upgrading all implements, ensuring the tractor remained cost-effective and not the sole equipment in their arsenal.

The rear final drive was from a 1086 tractor, and the cab came from that as well. The front axle was a Kimco unit from Japan, and a transfer case connected the front and rear sections. The engine drove the transmission and transfer case in the rear section through a driveshaft. The weight balance was very different from a traditional row crop, with a 54/46 distribution versus a 30/70. With draft, the weight shifted to more of a rear bias. The 2+2 used the same size tire front and rear, a standard 16.9-38 or an optional 18.4-34.

This innovative design met a specific market need by balancing agility, power, and cost-effectiveness, ensuring that farmers could enhance their operations without overhauling their entire fleet.

 

Why were these design parameters chosen?

The design parameters were chosen to tap into a market opportunity where farmers wanted more powerful tractors that remained cost-effective and didn’t necessitate being the only tractor in their fleet. The focus was on providing a balance between capability and affordability.

 

What was the primary design challenge or goal?

The main goal was to develop a more agile 4WD tractor that remained mid-sized, making it suitable for row-crop farming. The challenge was to offer increased capabilities without requiring farmers to overhaul their entire suite of implements.

 

What was the intended market for the tractor?

The target market was row-crop farmers who needed enhanced capabilities but wanted to avoid upgrading all their existing equipment. This group desired more power without the necessity of making a larger investment in a single, expensive tractor.

 

What are the key design features of the tractor?

The tractor was designed with articulated steering, power take-off (PTO), four-wheel drive (4WD), compatibility with dual wheels, and offered in multiple horsepower options (130, 150, 170). It was crafted to be mid-sized and capable of maneuvering efficiently in row-crop operations.

 

How did the marketing team gather feedback and gauge dealer interest in the new tractor?

“The introduction of the IH 3388 and 3588 models to the market was orchestrated with a grand spectacle in January 1979. The unveiling took place during a major event in Phoenix, held at a notable studio location. Dealers were a central focus of this launch, as groups were flown in, beginning with those from the Delta region.

Reactions to the aesthetics of these new models were initially mixed, with opinions sharply divided. However, once the tractors demonstrated superior performance against a competitive 4840 in field trials, skepticism began to fade. The practical advantages became clearer when dealers learned that the machines were versatile enough to accommodate saddle tanks on the sides.

This combination of performance and versatility convinced dealers of the saleability of these tractors, marking a successful entry into the market.

Building Dealer Momentum and Market Excitement

Behind the scenes, the launch was the culmination of strategic planning and bold commitments. Before that grand unveiling, leadership had orchestrated a “windshield survey,” sending managers across regions to gauge dealer interest and secure early orders. The stakes were high—thousands of orders had been promised, with significant investment authorized to ensure production could meet anticipated demand.

As word spread and test drives began, excitement grew. Executives, board members, and even international delegations made their way to test the new 2+2 models. In the Phoenix area, these uniquely styled “Snoopy tractors” quickly drew attention—not just from dealers, but from curious onlookers and rival companies alike. When the rail cars arrived and the boxes were opened, it wasn’t long before a crowd would gather, following the tractors to every demonstration and field test.

Once behind the wheel, doubts gave way to enthusiasm. Dealers and farmers alike realized these were not just innovative in appearance, but genuinely capable machines, well-suited for row-crop applications across diverse regions. The hands-on demonstrations and widespread exposure helped cement the 2+2’s reputation and ensured a strong start for the IH 3388 and 3588 models in the marketplace.”

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